If you listen to talks and panels about AI at media conferences, you’re sure to meet an old acquaintance: the robot journalist. It’s the simple idea that the future of journalism is pure and efficient automation. As exciting as it might sound to some, it’s a rather bleak vision of the future, with bustling newsrooms replaced by rows and rows of branded server racks.
It’s the same story Google and IBM told after the historic showdowns between human players and computers in the games of chess and Go. Both games were often seen as the next big hurdle of artificial intelligence. It’s, unfortunately, the framing most journalists willingly accepted, because it’s a story we love to tell: Man vs. machine. Creator vs. creation.
But hidden beneath those sagas of algorithmic triumph over human intelligence, you can find a much more interesting story. During the training of AlphaGo, Google decided to pair up humans and machines and pitch those teams against each other. Both human players — now supported by an electronic partner — played much better, faster, and more precise than before. The same thing happened after Garry Kasparov lost his legendary game of chess against IBM’s Deep Blue in 1997. Kasparov subsequently invented a completely new way of playing chess, also by teaming up human players with computers. The result is called centaur chess and regarded as being faster, more precise, and more accessible to amateurs, than normal chess.
There’s a lesson to be learned here and it’s not about automation, but augmentation. Teaming up with AI, to become better, stronger, faster. To become a centaur.
So what would your centaur future look like as a journalist? Around the globe, we can already see dozens of examples. Let’s grab the low-hanging fruit: You don’t want to spend hours on end transcribing an interview? Yeah, let’s give that to a machine learning system (though you still might want to take some time to edit the final transcript). How about using satellite images to find the potentially illegal swapping of cargo between ships on the global oceans? You could spend days looking for yourself, but your machine-learning colleague is able to do that for you. Or how about finding illegal amber mines in the deep forests of Ukraine? Sure! Helping you to recognize which of the 500-plus representatives and senators is standing in front of you? We got that! Deep diving into millions of leaked documents from the Panama and Paradise Papers? Grab a coffee and let’s start digging up shell companies. Interested in knowing which topics politicians seem to care about the most? Speak no more!
This is the story I’d love to talk more about in 2019. What tools can we create to help journalists? Especially in an age where the flood of information is often overwhelming even for professionals.
Especially considering that the current incarnation of AI as machine learning has its own set of limitations, as scholars, like Gary Marcus, Zachary Lipton, Francis Chollet and others have noted in recent months. The problem is that ML-systems don’t really understand the data they’re processing. For example, a system trained on recognizing dogs won’t be able to tell you that the picture of a squirrel you fed it is not a dog. It might be certain it’s a German shepherd.
These systems are also unable to understand context and information outside of its training. They can’t reason or use abstract knowledge the way humans can. But the even bigger problem is the inability of machine learning to distinguish between correlation and causation of the patterns found in the data.
The idea of the robot journalist betrays a flawed view of the purpose of journalism. It’s the algorithmic equivalence of the “view from nowhere.” The idea that reporters have to “report the facts,” without helping readers contextualizing. The biggest flaw of the robot journalist is the idea that there’s such a thing as an objective worldview, able to be gauged through data and algorithms alone — instead of a messy and complex multi-polar world which has to be carefully explored and questioned. That’s something no machine learning system will be able to do in the near future, if ever. And of course there’s a huge difference between learning the patterns of a well-written article and actually writing one.
Don’t get me wrong — automatic text generation will have its place in the newsroom of the future, but it won’t be the single defining use of AI. We will instead see more cases of AI helping journalists, not making them redundant. So let’s stop talking about the robot journalist in 2019 and start talking about the other future for journalism, the one with four metaphorical hooves: the centaur-journalist.
Johannes Klingebiel works in the innovation team at the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.
Kristen Muller Local news fails — in a good way
Ariel Zirulnick Participation gets professional
Stephanie Edgerly It’s time to understand the un-audience
Claire Wardle Forget deepfakes: Misinformation is showing up in our most personal online spaces
Libby Bawcombe Haikus of the news
Craig Newmark The end of “loudspeakers for liars”
Matt Karolian Publishers come to terms with being Facebook’s enablers
Efrat Nechushtai Journalism wants to be your friend, not your teacher
Frank Chimero Leave the phone at home and put news on your wrist
Nisha Chittal The homepage makes a comeback
Steve Henn Smart speakers get smarter
Shalabh Upadhyay A culture clash on India’s growing Internet
Zainab Khan Publishers whose products can stand up to social media giants will win
Cindy Royal For journalism curriculum to change, its faculty needs disruption
Callie Schweitzer The rise of the conveners
Pablo Boczkowski Reimagining the media for post-institutional times
Jonas Kaiser Catching up with “Neuland”
Ruth Palmer and Benjamin Toff From news fatigue to news avoidance
Ernst-Jan Pfauth Readers are only getting started
Eric Nuzum The year of the DIY podcast network
Jared Newman AI-generated fakes launch a software arms race
Zuzanna Ziomecka News leadership gets an overdue upgrade
Reyhan Harmanci Selling more stories to Hollywood
Jonathan Stray More algorithmic accountability reporting, and a lot of it will be meh
AX Mina The death of consensus, not the death of truth
Sue Cross Return of the water cooler
Adam Thomas In Europe, foundations invest in news
Monique Judge Committing to the truth, calling out lies
Heather Chaplin Agree we’re partisan — for the democratic system
Victor Pickard We will finally confront systemic market failure
John Saroff The pivot to reader revenue’s unintended consequences
Kelsey Proud Journalism becomes the escape
Michael Rain The year of the culturally relevant curator
M. Scott Havens Time to swing for the fences
Darryl Holliday Let’s talk about power (yours)
Andrew Ramsammy The great re-pivot to audio
Eric Ulken The year you actually start to like your CMS
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen A long, slow slog, with no one coming to the rescue
Rebecca Lee Sanchez We are all actors in the running rampant of political theater
Hossein Derakhshan The news is dying, but journalism will not — and should not
Elizabeth Dunbar Local reporters reflect on what’s not important
Matt Waite “I went to Node.js because I wished to live deliberately”
Stefanie Murray Local news wakes up and starts collaborating
Rebecca Searles From silos to Swiss Army knife teams
Becca Aaronson From bridge roles to product thinkers
Emma Carew Grovum The year of the loyal reader
Alexis Lloyd & Matt Boggie The year product leads media
Simon Rogers Data journalism becomes a global field
Steve Grove A reckoning for tech’s work with news
Catalina Albeanu Being responsible for what we don’t know
Ben Smith The pendulum starts to swing back
Joshua P. Darr The nationalization of political news will accelerate
Colleen Shalby Representation becomes more than a talking point
Raney Aronson-Rath We learn “digital” doesn’t have to mean “short”
LaToya Drake Listen up: New stories, new storytellers
Manoush Zomorodi Tech will do for information overload what it did for mindfulness
Lauren Katz Community becomes a core newsroom value
Axie Navas The traffic hunt, CMS battle, and magazine identity crises loom
Jennifer Dargan You don’t build diversity through one-off training sessions
Jenée Desmond-Harris It finally sinks in that some people aren’t white
Candis Callison Learn from Indigenous journalists on covering climate change
Moreno Cruz Osório Damaged credibility and a new threat in Brazil
Salem Solomon Correcting our corrections
Angèle Christin Algorithms and the reflexive turn
Renan Borelli Developing loyalty means developing your talent
Mandy Jenkins Fight the urge to run away from social media
Charo Henríquez Pivot to journalism
Dheerja Kaur A focus on problems, not platforms
Alexandra Borchardt Newsrooms need to build trust with their journalists, not just the audience
Greg Emerson Power to the user
Taylor Lorenz Personal branding is more powerful than ever
Shannon McGregor More bogus embedded tweets in our stories
Borja Bergareche Sainz de los Terreros Entering a more balanced era
Adam B. Ellick Video forensic reporting goes mainstream — and local
Zizi Papacharissi Old interface, say hello to the new interface
Glyn Mottershead and Martin Chorley When a tech company pulls the plug on your story
Elizabeth Bramson-Boudreau A more sincere definition of “community”
Elisabeth Goodridge Yes, they signed up — but our job’s not over
Matthew Pressman The battle over objectivity intensifies
Almar Latour Reported facts, weaponized in service of action
Logan Molyneux Seeing social media for what it is
Knight Foundation A year of local collaboration
Jack Riley Facebook refugees, from ad revenue to news habits
Jesse Brown Canada’s subsidy for news backfires
Tyler Fisher This is journalism’s do-or-die moment
Jonathan Gill Publishers build a common tech platform together
Mike Isaac The old exit doors for digital media companies are closing
Tim Carmody Unlocking the commons
Whitney Phillips Our information systems aren’t broken — they’re working as intended
Cory Bergman Journalism as a technology service
Umbreen Bhatti The story doesn’t end for the people we quote
Marie Shanahan Newsrooms take the comments sections back from platforms
Jesse Holcomb We’ll get better at making the case for local journalism
Kjerstin Thorson Time to get mad about information inequality (again)
Sue Robinson Reporters go on the offensive
Jean Friedman Rudovsky Cross-newsroom collaborations strengthen communities
Ståle Grut A new dawn for 3D tech in journalism
Rick Berke The year of loyalty
Elite Truong What do we owe the next generation?
Alyssa Zeisler We expand what (and how and who) we serve
Bill Adair Another year fighting Trump’s falsehoods
Kevin D. Grant A year to embrace journalism as public service
Seth C. Lewis The gap between journalism and research is too wide
Adam Smith Platforms will have to help rebuild trust in news
Nathalie Malinarich Video — yes, video
Sarah Marshall A return to destination journalism
Betsy O'Donovan and Melody Kramer The most beautiful sentence in 2019 is “No.”
Rishad Patel A design system for responsible publishing
Elva Ramirez News — but make it cinematic
Renée Kaplan Our future could lie within our own organizations
Chase Davis We can acknowledge what we don’t know
Masuma Ahuja Make foreign coverage less foreign
Nicholas Jackson More transparency around newsroom decisions
Heather Bryant We are responsible for how we use our power
Johannes Klingebiel We all grow hooves
Jake Shapiro Podcasting is media’s slow food movement
Kainaz Amaria We consider who’s behind the camera
Robert Hernandez Racists and sexists get replaced
Juleyka Lantigua Podcasting battles East Coast bias
Joe Amditis Give the audience a seat at the table
Meredith Artley Huge demand for…anything but politics
John Biewen Podcasts keep getting better
Alberto Cairo A year of uncertainty and confidence
J. Siguru Wahutu Think 2018 was bad? Wait until you see 2019
Winny de Jong Data journalism goes undercover
Mat Yurow Content competition from the tech companies
Mike Caulfield Ditch the media literacy cynicism and get to work
Julia Rubin Meeting people where they are
John Garrett You can’t raise prices forever
Francesco Zaffarano Towards a rethinking of journalism on social media
Peter Cunliffe-Jones The focus of misinformation debates shifts south
Cristi Hegranes A year to invest in the security of local journalists
Dan Shanoff Bet on sports gambling
Justin Kosslyn Text hits a tipping point
Geetika Rudra The year of actionable (local) journalism
Jeff Chin We detox from Chartbeat
Michael Grant More newsrooms experiment their way to success
Matt Skibinski Quality and reliability are the new currencies for publishers
Gideon Lichfield Goodbye attention economy, we’ll miss you
Christa Scharfenberg and Vickie Baranetsky The year of the lawsuit
Sarah Stonbely Mapping the local news ecosystem — with scale but detail
Dave Burdick Seeing our blind spots
P. Kim Bui The misfits become the bosses
Mario García The rise of content “pilots”
Kyra Darnton A shift to depth in video
Andrew Donohue Voting rights becomes the new climate change
Tamar Charney Seriously: What do you do for people?
Laura E. Davis More access, but not that kind
Peter Bale Venture capital runs out of patience
Amy Schmitz Weiss Local news isn’t where you thought it was
Alexandra Svokos Good luck convincing us millennials to pay
Simon Galperin After capitalism’s fire, journalism’s secondary succession
Joel Konopo Influencers become the new liberated power in Africa
Brian Moritz The subscription-pocalypse is about to hit
Angilee Shah The year news orgs say “yes” to real leaders
Linda Solomon Wood The year of the climate reporter
Josh Schwartz A pullback from platforms and a focus on product
Seema Yasmin We will create our own spaces
Talia Stroud Engaging people across lines of difference
Sarah Alvarez Simplify and redistribute
Mandy Velez Putting the social back in social media
Millie Tran There is no magic — you’ve got this
Rubina Madan Fillion Fighting the reality of deepfakes
Cherian George Fake news wins in Asia
Rachel Glickhouse Newsrooms will prioritize audience needs
Rachel Davis Mersey Local news goes minimalist
Amy King We should listen to the kids (especially on Instagram)
Gabriel Snyder Journalism doesn’t fit well in a funnel
Celeste LeCompte Local news needs local conversation to survive
Annie Rudd A more intimate aesthetic of politics — on Insta
Heba Aly The rise of international nonprofit news
Frank Mungeam Tonight at 11: News, sports, and climate change
Patrick Butler Measuring impact will increase audience trust
Tshepo Tshabalala Ahead of African elections, unlock partnerships with fact-checkers
Don Day Timewalls and other reader revenue experiments
Thomas Hanitzsch The rise of tribal journalism
Jeremy Gilbert AI finally becomes helpful
Nico Gendron Reaching Generation Z beyond the coasts
Carl Bialik Fatigued news consumers will pay more for less news
Tushar Banerjee Interactive ads will be the new face of display advertising
Julie Posetti The year of the fight back
Francesco Marconi The year of iterative journalism
Nikki Usher Three ways national media will further undermine trust
Andrea Faye Hart Doing less harm, not just more good
Ben Werdmuller The platform tide is turning
Robin Kwong Tech shouldn’t be the only field pollinating “news nerds”
Ole Reißmann The rise of vertical storytelling
Carolina Guerrero Spanish-language audio blows up
A.J. Bauer The coming splintering of conservative media
Mariana Moura Santos From pageviews to impact
Ernie Smith The year we step back from the platform
Kate Myers Journalism continues to be bad for democracy
Kawandeep Virdee Media wants to take care of you
Mike Rispoli and Craig Aaron Government funds local news — and that’s a good thing
Elizabeth Jensen Going where the Acela can’t take you
Steve Myers From trying to cover it all to covering what matters
Carrie Brown-Smith Advocating a healthy civic life is no journalistic crime
Jim Friedlich Meet Citizen Kane 2.0
Rodney Gibbs A bright — and young — year for audio
Bill Grueskin Toward a symphony model for local news
Pia Frey You can’t solve a crisis without treating it as a crisis