The Press in Perspective is actually 17 essays on the problems with the press, first delivered as lectures at the University of Minnesota School of Journalism. “A common thread runs through most of them: discontent with the status quo of American journalism,” editor Ralph Casey writes.

This essay, “Press and World Affairs,” was written by the hugely influential political reporter James “Scotty” Reston, who would serve as The New York Times’ executive editor and was “the quintessential Washington insider.”

He argues for a more proactive approach to covering politics, one that monitors people and ideas daily as they become the forces that shape domestic and foreign policy. His views on journalism were forged with a clear belief in the role of the press in helping Americans understand what their politicians do and whether they support those actions. “We should be asking what our institutions can do to adequately prepare the country adequately for its decisive role in the world affairs,” he wrote.

His solution? Rethink the structure and the content. Short news stories, based on a single day’s events, focusing on “the bright, the startling, the bold, the sharp, and the clear simple fact,” might make the most interesting reading, but those features are all less important than reporting the essential truths.

I am not arguing for less aggressive reporting. Nor am I arguing, believe me, that only the irresponsible can be bright and that to be accurate you must be dull. I am arguing for a more modern test of what is news; for keeping on top of these momentous foreign policy developments while they are developing and not merely after they are announced; for the explanation of intricate and fundamental issues, even if they have no “gee whiz” angle.

Good enterprising reporting of ideas on basic issues can in many cases be as important as the reporting of action. The decisive point in many great events comes long before the event happens…

It will take a conscious effort on the the part of those who run newspapers to meet the new responsibilities imposed on us by the new responsibilities imposed on us by the news responsibilities of our country. The problem, I suggest, is not that anybody in the business is willfully trying to mislead the public or distort the truth. The problem is that we are busily engaged, like congressmen, and State Department officials, and even Presidents, in acting the way we have always acted, in using techniques we have always used, without asking whether they are the best techniques for America today…

We have always been good at reporting wars. We have always been pretty good at winning wars. But the problem is to prevent wars, and the question before all responsible men and institutions is whether they are doing that as well as they could.