Misinformation fatigue sets in

“Misinformation isn’t going away, but it seems inevitable that people will stop caring.”

I expect 2021 will be the year misinformation fatigue sets in — a condition from which I will undeniably suffer and for which I will be partly to blame.

For the last three years, I’ve reported on “misinformation online” for NBC News. There were once slow news days on that beat. They disappeared when the pandemic struck.

Suddenly everyone was online, and the serial misinformers on my beat — folks who had spent the better part of a decade steadily pumping out lies in pursuit of political power or a few bucks — had a whole new audience of bored and confused people to whom they could sell their nonsense.

The pandemic coupled with a presidential election primed as “rigged” by the sitting president made 2020 a boom time for homegrown disinformation agents and the journalists charged with unraveling their constant lies. QAnon supporters won congressional elections, anti-vaxxers grew their movement tenfold, ratings soared for fringe and fact-free alternative news outlets helmed by conspiracy theorists, and roving bands of armed militias and street-fighting gangs gained members and support from a wide swath of the country.

Traditional news organizations responded to the increased demand for lies with more reporting on the misinformation work that went beyond fact-checks and tried to show the real-world harm that could come from such misinformation: people getting sick, public health officials terrorized, politicians’ lives threatened, young people of color in mostly white towns “othered” and intimidated, and worse. We also tried to hold tech companies responsible for the false claims spread on their platforms — pressure that undoubtedly played a part in the measures that Facebook, Twitter, and Google took to address misinformation, most memorably the seemingly endless information labels affixed to misleading or false claims.

But has any of it meant anything? Platforms seem very pleased with the moves they’ve made, but limited research suggests the fact-checking and the labeling and the reporting is more motion than progress — perhaps just further entrenching people into whatever camp they belong.

Misinformation isn’t going away, but it seems inevitable that people will stop caring. Much like compassion fatigue, a traumatic burnout experienced by caregivers, I expect people to be exhausted by a year of unbridled misinformation.

There’s a chance that this fatigue (aided by the ability to actually leave our homes, should these vaccines work as advertised) will lead to people giving up on the online social experiment — logging off and re-subscribing to their local newspaper (should it still exist), and finding their communities not just online, but IRL, though family, church, work, hobbies.

That’s a nice thing I sometimes think about.

But something else seems more likely. The pandemic has led more normal people to, as Facebook suggested, “find their community,” on some platform or other. They’ve found the news outlet that tells them what they want to hear, or the YouTube channel that pumps them with fantastical tales of imaginary wars between good and evil, or the Facebook group that reinforces those beliefs and links them with fellow travelers, or the Twitter follows who reliably “own” their perceived enemies.

It turns out maybe people don’t actually care about being lied to. And little is likely to change in 2021 unless and until platforms take actual responsibility for the way people gather and organize on them — admitting that their algorithms already guide what we see, who we speak to, what we buy, and what we believe, and working with outside experts to instead curate an experience that undoes a bit of the pollution that they’ve made.

I’m not holding my breath.

Brandy Zadrozny covers the internet, platforms, and politics for NBC News.

I expect 2021 will be the year misinformation fatigue sets in — a condition from which I will undeniably suffer and for which I will be partly to blame.

For the last three years, I’ve reported on “misinformation online” for NBC News. There were once slow news days on that beat. They disappeared when the pandemic struck.

Suddenly everyone was online, and the serial misinformers on my beat — folks who had spent the better part of a decade steadily pumping out lies in pursuit of political power or a few bucks — had a whole new audience of bored and confused people to whom they could sell their nonsense.

The pandemic coupled with a presidential election primed as “rigged” by the sitting president made 2020 a boom time for homegrown disinformation agents and the journalists charged with unraveling their constant lies. QAnon supporters won congressional elections, anti-vaxxers grew their movement tenfold, ratings soared for fringe and fact-free alternative news outlets helmed by conspiracy theorists, and roving bands of armed militias and street-fighting gangs gained members and support from a wide swath of the country.

Traditional news organizations responded to the increased demand for lies with more reporting on the misinformation work that went beyond fact-checks and tried to show the real-world harm that could come from such misinformation: people getting sick, public health officials terrorized, politicians’ lives threatened, young people of color in mostly white towns “othered” and intimidated, and worse. We also tried to hold tech companies responsible for the false claims spread on their platforms — pressure that undoubtedly played a part in the measures that Facebook, Twitter, and Google took to address misinformation, most memorably the seemingly endless information labels affixed to misleading or false claims.

But has any of it meant anything? Platforms seem very pleased with the moves they’ve made, but limited research suggests the fact-checking and the labeling and the reporting is more motion than progress — perhaps just further entrenching people into whatever camp they belong.

Misinformation isn’t going away, but it seems inevitable that people will stop caring. Much like compassion fatigue, a traumatic burnout experienced by caregivers, I expect people to be exhausted by a year of unbridled misinformation.

There’s a chance that this fatigue (aided by the ability to actually leave our homes, should these vaccines work as advertised) will lead to people giving up on the online social experiment — logging off and re-subscribing to their local newspaper (should it still exist), and finding their communities not just online, but IRL, though family, church, work, hobbies.

That’s a nice thing I sometimes think about.

But something else seems more likely. The pandemic has led more normal people to, as Facebook suggested, “find their community,” on some platform or other. They’ve found the news outlet that tells them what they want to hear, or the YouTube channel that pumps them with fantastical tales of imaginary wars between good and evil, or the Facebook group that reinforces those beliefs and links them with fellow travelers, or the Twitter follows who reliably “own” their perceived enemies.

It turns out maybe people don’t actually care about being lied to. And little is likely to change in 2021 unless and until platforms take actual responsibility for the way people gather and organize on them — admitting that their algorithms already guide what we see, who we speak to, what we buy, and what we believe, and working with outside experts to instead curate an experience that undoes a bit of the pollution that they’ve made.

I’m not holding my breath.

Brandy Zadrozny covers the internet, platforms, and politics for NBC News.

Tonya Mosley   True equity means ownership

Shaydanay Urbani and Nancy Watzman   Local collaboration is key to slowing misinformation

Jennifer Brandel   A sneak peak at power mapping, 2073’s top innovation

Brandy Zadrozny   Misinformation fatigue sets in

María Sánchez Díez   Traffic will plummet — and it’ll be ok

Anna Nirmala   Local news orgs grasp the urgency of community roots

Mike Caulfield   2021’s misinformation will look a lot like 2020’s (and 2019’s, and…)

Zizi Papacharissi   The year we rebuild the infrastructure of truth

Nico Gendron   Ask your readers to help build your products

Bill Adair   The future of fact-checking is all about structured data

Rachel Schallom   The rise of nonprofit journalism continues

Ariane Bernard   Going solo is still only a path for the few

Errin Haines   Let’s normalize women’s leadership

Jacqué Palmer   The rise of the plain-text email newsletter

Alicia Bell and Simon Galperin   Media reparations now

Jim Friedlich   A newspaper renaissance reached by stopping the presses

Julia B. Chan and Kim Bui   Millennials are ready to run things

Benjamin Toff   Beltway reporting gets normal again, for better and for worse

Delia Cai   Subscriptions start working for the middle

Imaeyen Ibanga   Journalism gets unmasked

David Chavern   Local video finally gets momentum

Mandy Jenkins   You build trust by helping your readers

AX Mina   2020 isn’t a black swan — it’s a yellow canary

Annie Rudd   Newsrooms grow less comfortable with the “view from above”

Matt Skibinski   Misinformation won’t stop unless we stop it

Patrick Butler   Covid-19 reporting has prepared us for cross-border collaboration

John Davidow   Reflect and repent

Nik Usher   Don’t expect an antitrust dividend for the media

Pablo Boczkowski   Audiences have revolted. Will newsrooms adapt?

M. Scott Havens   Traditional pay TV will embrace the disruption

Mike Ananny   Toward better tech journalism

David Skok   A pandemic-prompted wave of consolidation

Mark S. Luckie   Newsrooms and streaming services get cozy

Tim Carmody   Spotify will make big waves in video

Jody Brannon   People won’t renew

Gabe Schneider   Another year of empty promises on diversity

Renée Kaplan   Falling in love with your subscription

Cherian George   Enter the lamb warriors

Hossein Derakhshan   Mass personalization of truth

Megan McCarthy   Readers embrace a low-information diet

Edward Roussel   Tech companies get aggressive in local

Nisha Chittal   The year we stop pivoting

Ben Werdmuller   The web blooms again

C.W. Anderson   Journalism changed under Trump — will it keep changing under Biden?

Francesco Zaffarano   The year we ask the audience what it needs

Eric Nuzum   Podcasting dodged a bullet in 2020, but 2021 will be harder

Robert Hernandez   Data and shame

Anthony Nadler   Journalism struggles to find a new model of legitimacy

Kristen Muller   Engaged journalism scales

Jean Friedman-Rudovsky and Cassie Haynes   A shift from conversation to action

Gonzalo del Peon   Collaborations expand from newsrooms to the business side

Jeremy Gilbert   Human-centered journalism

Laura E. Davis   The focus turns to newsroom leaders for lasting change

Michael W. Wagner   Fractured democracy, fractured journalism

Don Day   Business first, journalism second

Catalina Albeanu   Publish less, listen more

Jennifer Choi   What have we done for you lately?

Danielle C. Belton   A decimated media rededicates itself to truth

Ray Soto   The news gets spatial

Tshepo Tshabalala   Go niche

Ernie Smith   Entrepreneurship on rails

Kevin D. Grant   Parachute journalism goes away for good

Matt DeRienzo   Citizen truth brigades steer us back toward reality

Rodney Gibbs   Zooming beyond talking heads

Mark Stenberg   The rise of the journalist-influencer

Parker Molloy   The press will risk elevating a Shadow President Trump

Marissa Evans   Putting community trauma into context

Doris Truong   Indigenous issues get long-overdue mainstream coverage

Ståle Grut   Network analysis enters the journalism toolbox

Mariano Blejman   It’s time to challenge autocompleted journalism

Nabiha Syed   Newsrooms quit their toxic relationships

Celeste Headlee   The rise of radical newsroom transparency

Kerri Hoffman   Protecting podcasting’s open ecosystem

Taylor Lorenz   Journalists will learn influencing isn’t easy

Sarah Marshall   The year audiences need extra cheer

Ben Collins   We need to learn how to talk to (and about) accidental conspiracists

Raney Aronson-Rath   To get past information divides, we need to understand them first

Nicholas Jackson   Blogging is back, but better

Chicas Poderosas   More voices mean better information

Kate Myers   My son will join every Zoom call in our industry

Loretta Chao   Open up the profession

Gordon Crovitz   Common law will finally apply to the Internet

Samantha Ragland   The year of journalists taking initiative

Amara Aguilar   Journalism schools emphasize listening

Alyssa Zeisler   Holistic medicine for journalism

Nonny de la Pena   News reaches the third dimension

Natalie Meade   Journalism enters rehab

Brian Moritz   The year sports journalism changes for good

Stefanie Murray and Anthony Advincula   Expect to see more translations and non-English content

Christoph Mergerson   Black Americans will demand more from journalism

Aaron Foley   Diversity gains haven’t shown up in local news

Sue Cross   A global consensus around the kind of news we need to save

Colleen Shalby   The definition of good journalism shifts

Richard Tofel   Less on politics, more on how government works (or doesn’t)

Joshua P. Darr   Legislatures will tackle the local news crisis

Astead W. Herndon   The Trump-sized window of the media caring about race closes again

Jessica Clark   News becomes plural

Joanne McNeil   Newsrooms push back against Ivy League cronyism

Chase Davis   The year we look beyond The Story

Rishad Patel   From direct-to-consumer to direct-to-believers

Bo Hee Kim   Newsrooms create an intentional and collaborative culture

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen   Stop pretending publishers are a united front

Juleyka Lantigua   The download, podcasting’s metric king, gets dethroned

Hadjar Benmiloud   Get representative, or die trying

John Saroff   Covid sparks the growth of independent local news sites

Meredith D. Clark   The year journalism starts paying reparations

J. Siguru Wahutu   Journalists still wrongly think the U.S. is different

Tamar Charney   Public radio has a midlife crisis

Charo Henríquez   A new path to leadership

Garance Franke-Ruta   Rebundling content, rebuilding connections

Sara M. Watson   Return of the RSS reader

Burt Herman   Journalists build post-Facebook digital communities

Jesse Holcomb   Genre erosion in nonprofit journalism

A.J. Bauer   The year of MAGAcal thinking

Kawandeep Virdee   Goodbye, doomscroll

Candis Callison   Calling it a crisis isn’t enough (if it ever was)

Andrew Ramsammy   Stop being polite and start getting real

Rick Berke   Virtual events are here to stay

Moreno Cruz Osório   In Brazil, a push for pluralism

Victor Pickard   The commercial era for local journalism is over

Julia Angwin   Show your (computational) work

Ryan Kellett   The bundle gets bundled

Marie Shanahan   Journalism schools stop perpetuating the status quo

Beena Raghavendran   Journalism gets fused with art

Zainab Khan   From understanding to feeling

Joni Deutsch   Local arts and music make journalism more joyous

Francesca Tripodi   Don’t expect breaking up Google and Facebook to solve our information woes

Talmon Joseph Smith   The media rejects deficit hawkery

Basile Simon   Graphics, unite

Whitney Phillips   Facts are an insufficient response to falsehoods

Heidi Tworek   A year of news mocktails

Janet Haven and Sam Hinds   Is this an AI newsroom?

Tauhid Chappell and Mike Rispoli   Defund the crime beat

John Garrett   A surprisingly good year

Sonali Prasad   Making disaster journalism that cuts through the noise

Rachel Glickhouse   Journalists will be kinder to each other — and to themselves

Jer Thorp   Fewer pixels, more cardboard

Alfred Hermida and Oscar Westlund   The virus ups data journalism’s game

Pia Frey   Building growth through tastemakers and their communities

Steve Henn   Has independent podcasting peaked?

Andrew Donohue   The rise of the democracy beat

Sarah Stonbely   Videoconferencing brings more geographic diversity

Masuma Ahuja   We’ll remember how interconnected our world is

John Ketchum   More journalists of color become newsroom founders

Cory Haik   Be essential

Jonas Kaiser   Toward a wehrhafte journalism

Cindy Royal   J-school grads maintain their optimism and adaptability

Ashton Lattimore   Remote work helps level the playing field in an insular industry

Tanya Cordrey   Declining trust forces publishers to claim (or disclaim) values

Marcus Mabry   News orgs adapt to a post-Trump world (with Trump still in it)

Ariel Zirulnick   Local newsrooms question their paywalls

Logan Jaffe   History as a reporting tool

José Zamora   Walking the talk on diversity

Linda Solomon Wood   Canada steps up for journalism

Sam Ford   We’ll find better ways to archive our work

Cory Bergman   The year after a thousand earthquakes

Sumi Aggarwal   News literacy programs aren’t child’s play