Transparency finally takes off

“Having been called ‘enemies of the people’ by our highest-ranking public official, reporters are starting to recognize the importance of not just a knee-jerk defense of their work, but one that shows exactly how they work to uncover wrongdoing and check facts.”

Sometimes, working in journalism education and research can feel like Bill Murray in Groundhog Day: Every time you think you’ve moved on to an exciting new prediction about the future of news, you realize you’re right back to where you started 15 years ago.

Thought you finally crushed the “double down on print, forget the Internet, kill the blogs!” era of journalism? Nope, it reared its mighty head again in late 2016.

Thought you had made headway way back in, say, 2002, arguing that news organizations need to be more transparent about their work in order to garner audience trust? Nope, this is still something that needs to be declared and rediscovered again in the era of Trump.

It’s been a rough year for journalism and democracy, so in the spirit of hope and better things to come, I’m going to tentatively predict that 2018 is the year transparency finally takes hold as an established practice in news organizations. Wishful thinking? Maybe, but I hope not.

Transparency is not a new thing

Transparency’s roots in American journalism run back to the 1920s, when the press was turning to objectivity as a guiding principle, according to The Elements of Journalism by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel. But instead of the intellectually-bereft, oft-trumpeted version of objectivity that argues that journalists can and should operate free of any bias, this early conception of objectivity had transparency at its core. The idea was that journalists should develop a consistent approach to verifying information and present that process in a way that people could understand it and make up their own minds what to think. The scientific method on a tighter deadline, if you will.

Kovach and Rosenstiel’s book was first published in 2001, and among other things, it made the case for transparency being an important way that journalists can build credibility. Elements drew on interviews, surveys, and forums with hundreds of journalists, and therefore distilled the core values of many practitioners. It it is still taught in journalism schools around the country, and from 2002 to 2005, I worked with Kovach, Rosentiel, and other leaders in the field to discuss these principles with newsrooms all over the country to figure out how we could best ensure that our daily work was actually living up to these values.

Our workshop modules on bias and verification and transparency were by far our most popular. The media landscape was already increasingly cluttered, even pre-Facebook, and the power of journalists to act as gatekeepers — preventing false information from getting out to the public — was waning. Most newsrooms came to the conclusion during our discussions that it was best to explain to readers not only what they knew, but also what they didn’t know about a given story, and how they had vetted a piece. To not only dig up new facts, but to also serve as a kind of trusted referee of information already out in the public domain, making the value reporters offer more obvious to the audience.

Academics like my friend Doreen Marchionni, now an editor at The Seattle Times, began to do experiments and build evidence that showed that transparency efforts (like explicitly showing how crowdsourcing efforts had contributed to a story) increased credibility, as did reporters that “put themselves out there” as more human, personable, and relatable. It’s not necessarily about disclosing who you voted for or your views on hot button issues, but rather helping people understand who you are and how you go about your daily work.

But change is hard, and even though our workshops on verification and transparency were rated as highly successful by participants, it’s hard to practice what you preach in the hurly burly of a busy newsroom. Also, some journalists have long responded to criticism by digging into assertions of pure objectivity, what sociologist Gaye Tuchman calls a “strategic ritual” that protects journalists from charges of bias. Transparency made inroads, but relatively few organizations or individual journalists made significant progress.

Fast forward to 2018

In February, I was at a conference in D.C. about how journalists could regain trust with the public after the polarizing election of 2016 and the constant attacks on the press by the president of the United States. I found myself in the same small-group discussion as Rosenstiel, my former boss, and what we were arguing for was — more or less word for word — the same things we’d said in workshops more than a decade ago. Groundhog Day once again!

Not everyone there bought what we were selling at that conference, but as the year went on, I started to hear more and more calls for transparency. And I was especially pleased to read that transparency was a key theme at the recent Poynter Ethics Summit. Even one of our most well-known journalistic leaders, Washington Post editor Marty Baron noted at the conference: “I think there’s mystery about how we go about our work. Let’s just be more transparent about how we pursued the story.”

With more high-profile news organizations like the Post increasingly embracing transparency, I optimistically predict that after its many stops and starts, it has finally hit its moment, in a country that has never needed great reporting more than it does now. When I tweeted last weekend about how the Post “launched a new series aimed at deconstructing the journalism process while answering questions about how reporting works,” it got a ton more engagement than is the norm. Long-languishing trust in media is finally ticking up, although Republicans continue to express far more negativity toward mainstream media than Democrats.

Having been called “enemies of the people” by our highest-ranking public official, reporters are starting to recognize the importance of not just a knee-jerk defense of their work, but one that shows exactly how they work to uncover wrongdoing and check facts.

Cheers to a better 2018.

Carrie Brown-Smith is director of the social journalism program at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism.

Alice Antheaume   Are you fluent in AI?

Cindy Royal   Your journalism curriculum is obsolete

Monique Judge   Letting black women tell their own stories

Mario García   Storytelling finally adapts to mobile

Andrew Haeg   The year journalists become relationship builders

Charo Henríquez   Training is an investment, not an expense

Tanzina Vega   It’s time for media companies to #PassTheMic

Juleyka Lantigua   Women of color will reclaim and monetize our time

Carrie Brown-Smith   Transparency finally takes off

Sydette Harry   Listen to your corner and watch for the hook

Michelle Ferrier   The year of the great reckoning

Mandy Velez   texting is lit rn, fam

Christopher Meighan   Passive partnership is in the rearview

Matt Boggie   The intellectual equivalent of the Dead Sea

Kinsey Wilson   Facebook and Google: Help out or pay up

Monika Bauerlein   The firehose of falsehood

Mariana Moura Santos   Think local, act global

Federica Cherubini   The rise of bridge roles in news organizations

AX Mina   Memes and visuals come to the fore

Feli Sánchez   The year for guerrilla user research

Michelle Garcia   Navigating journalistic transparency

Pia Frey   Address users as individuals

Doris Truong   Computer vision vs. the Internet vigilantes

Kelsey Proud   No, no, no

Steve Grove   The midterms are an opportunity

Caitlin Thompson   Podcasting models mature and diversify

Amy King   Let’s amplify visual voice

Amie Ferris-Rotman   More female reporters abroad (please)

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon   Seeking trust in fragmented spaces

Michael Kuntz   The only pivot that might work

Vanessa K. DeLuca   Women’s voices take center stage

Julia Beizer   A longer view on the pivot

Aron Pilhofer   We can’t leave the business to the business side any more

Kawandeep Virdee   Zines had it right all along

Julia B. Chan   Looking for loyalty in all the right places

Luke O'Neil   The end is already here

John Keefe   Scooped by AI

Craig Newmark   Working together toward sustainable solutions

Claire Wardle   Disinformation gets worse

Matt DeRienzo   A recession, then a collapse

Cory Haik   Suffering from realness, pivoting to impact

Nicholas Quah   Stop talking trash about young people

Richard Tofel   The platforms’ power demands more reporters’ attention

Mary Meehan   Real lives are at stake in rural areas

Ernst-Jan Pfauth   Publishing less to give readers more

Corey Johnson   The pro-fact resistance

Corey Ford   The empire strikes back

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen   The Snapchat scenario and the risk of more closed platforms

Almar Latour   Conquering calm

Dan Newman   A return to trust

C.W. Anderson   The social media apocalypse

Niketa Patel   Live journalism comes of age

Vivian Schiller   Pivot to tomorrow

Hossein Derakhshan   Television has won

José Zamora   Revenue-first journalism

Tracie Powell   The muting of underserved voices

Molly de Aguiar   Good journalism won’t be enough

Rodney Benson   Better, less read, and less trusted

Adam Thomas   Sharing is caring: The year of the mentor

Justin Kosslyn   The year journalists become digital security experts

Daniel Trielli   The rich get richer, the poor scramble

Andrew Ramsammy   The year ownership mattered

Zizi Papacharissi   Women come back

Dheerja Kaur   Fun with subscription products

Neha Gandhi   Filler killers

Alfred Hermida   Going beyond mobile-first

Nushin Rashidian   Publishers seek ad dollar alternatives

Manoush Zomorodi   Self-help as a publishing strategy

Jim Brady   With the people, not just of the people

Tamar Charney   We get serious about algorithms

Caitria O'Neill   The new court of public opinion

Pablo Boczkowski   The rise of skeptical reading

Ståle Grut   Reclaiming audience interaction from social networks

Cristina Wilson   The year of the Instagram Story

Rachel Schallom   Better design helps differentiate opinion and news

Sam Sanders   Shine the light on ourselves

Nicholas Diakopoulos   Fortifying social media from automated inauthenticity

Usha Sahay   Wallets get opened

Lanre Akinola   Making noise is not a strategy

Jamie Mottram   From pageviews to t-shirts

Joyce Barnathan   It will be harder to bury the news

Millie Tran and Stine Bauer Dahlberg   (Hint: It’s about your brand)

Kristen Muller   The year of the voter

Edward Roussel   Eyes, ears, and brains

Dannagal G. Young   Stop covering politics as a game

Tanya Cordrey   Finally, the seeds of radical reinvention

Jennifer Coogan   The future is female

Borja Echevarría   TV goes digital, digital goes TV

Susie Banikarim   R.I.P. Pivot to Video (2017–2017)

Nikki Usher   The year of The Washington Post

Juliette De Maeyer   A responsible press criticism

Eric Nuzum   Beyond the narrative arc

Helen Havlak   Keywords, not publishers, power the world’s biggest feeds

Elizabeth Jensen   Show your work

Eric Ulken   The year local publishers get smart(er) about change

Lam Thuy Vo   Breaking free from the tyranny of the loudest

Sally Lehrman   Trust comes first

Nathalie Malinarich   Peak push

Nancy Watzman   Know thy TV

Mi-Ai Parrish   Blockchain and trust

Jarrod Dicker   Honesty in advertising

Trushar Barot   The Jio-fication of India

P. Kim Bui   The reckoning is only beginning

Jennifer Choi   Standing up for us and for each other

Burt Herman   Things get real

Sam Ford   The year of investing in processes

Ariana Tobin   Too tired to tap

Felix Salmon   Covering bitcoin while owning bitcoin

Jim Moroney   Newspapers have to be good enough for readers to pay for

Raju Narisetti   Mirror, mirror on the wall

Miguel Castro   The arrival of the impact producer

Jared Newman   Venture funding and digital news don’t mix

Mira Lowe   The year of the local watchdog

Frédéric Filloux   External forces

Matt Thompson   Here come the attention managers

Evie Nagy   Pivot to mobile video frustration

Rodney Gibbs   Tech workers turn to journalism

Mary Walter-Brown   Show a little vulnerability

Pete Brown   Push alerts, personalized

Matt Carlson   Attacks on the press will get worse

Gordon Crovitz   Serving readers over advertisers

Alan Soon   The rise of start of psychographic, micro-targeted media

Alastair Coote   The year of self-improvement

Renée Kaplan   The year of quiet adjustments (shhh)

Dan Shanoff   You down with OTT? (Yeah, DTC)

Amy Webb   Listen to weak signals

Debra Adams Simmons   And a woman shall lead them

S. Mitra Kalita   The arc of news and audience

Taylor Lorenz   Social and media will split

Bill Keller   A growing turn to philanthropy

Sara M. Watson   Feeds will open up to new user-determined filters

Hannah Cassius   The year of the echo-chamber escapists

Errin Haines   At the ballot, it’s time to count black women

Umbreen Bhatti   The trust problem isn’t new

Sarah Marshall   Loyalty as the key performance indicator

Imaeyen Ibanga   Longform video leads the way

Jassim Ahmad   Thriving on change

Paul Ford   Go global

Ray Soto   VR reaches the next level

Will Sommer   The year local media gets conservative

Kathleen McElroy   Building a news video experience native to mobile

Damon Krukowski   Reviving the alt-weekly soul

Jacqui Cheng   Retailers move into content

Rick Berke   Value is the watchword

Betsy O'Donovan and Melody Kramer   Skepticism and narcissism

Rubina Madan Fillion   Unlocking the potential of AI

Emma Carew Grovum   Newsroom culture becomes a priority

Marie Gilot   No assholes allowed

Mariano Blejman   News games rule

Jessica Parker Gilbert   Design connects storytelling and strategy

Raney Aronson-Rath   Transparency is the antidote to fake news

Kyle Ellis   Let’s build our way out of this

Joanne Lipman   Journalists inventing revenue streams

Basile Simon   We need better career paths for news nerds

Ruth Palmer   Risks will grow for news subjects — especially minorities

Joanne McNeil   Gatekeeping the gatekeepers

Jesse Holcomb   Information disorder, coming to a congressional district near you

Alexios Mantzarlis   Moving fake news research out of the lab

Andrew Losowsky   The year of resilience

Laura E. Davis   Writing answers before you know the question

Rachel Davis Mersey   AI, with real smarts

David Skok   Finding an information-life balance

Marcela Donini and Thiago Herdy   Collaboration is the way forward for Brazilian journalism

Lucas Graves   From algorithms to institutions

Brian Lam   Sketchy ethics around product reviews

Yvonne Leow   The rise of video messaging

Kim Fox   Audience teams diversify their approach

Carlos Martínez de la Serna   The new journalism commons

Emily Goligoski   Looking beyond news for inspiration

Heather Bryant   Building the ecosystems for collaboration

Jennifer Brandel and Mónica Guzmán   The editorial meeting of the future

Tim Carmody   Watch out for Spotify

Mike Caulfield   Refactoring media literacy for the networked age

Francesco Marconi   The year of machine-to-machine journalism

Sue Schardt   Jump the niche

Jake Levine   The return to now